Lowell through time
Photographs, 1860s–1920s
The city around the castle, as the photographers, publishers and postcard makers of the day saw it: the streets and houses of Belvidere, the rivers and the mills, Merrimack Street, the churches and public buildings, and the carriages, streetcars, trains and first automobiles that moved through it all. 59 pictures, grouped by place. Tap any picture to see it large.

Showing all 59 pictures, by place.
Fairmount Street and its neighbors
The streets and houses of Belvidere Hill, as the photographers and publishers of the day titled them. The 1892 album spells the street “Fairmont.”
Belvidere and the river banks
The Merrimack and the Concord seen from Belvidere, Fort Hill Park and the Lowell Cemetery.
The mills and canals
Mill yards, canal walks, rivers and falls, from stereographs of the 1860s–1880s to the view book of 1904 and a news photograph of 1910.
Merrimack Street and downtown
Shops, offices, squares and crowds at the center of the city.
Churches and civic buildings
Churches, the courthouse, the armory, the fire station and the public commons.
Horses, streetcars, trains and the first cars
Depots, bridges, streetcars and wagons, and an automobile race in 1909: Lowell in the years when horses gave way to horsepower.
About these pictures
Every picture here is in the public domain or carries an open statement from the library that holds it (“no known restrictions,” the Public Domain Mark or CC0). Each caption gives the picture’s own title, as the library catalogs it or as it is printed under the plate, and the date as cataloged; “about” marks a date the catalog gives as approximate. We have not added identifications or history of our own: where a picture says more about Lowell or about the house, it will be said in the history pages, with its source.
The 1892 pictures are plates from the album Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir, scanned by UMass Lowell’s Center for Lowell History; the 1904 pictures are pages of Views of Lowell and Vicinity, from the Library of Congress copy; the stereographs are from the New York Public Library’s Robert N. Dennis collection. Some pictures are shown cropped to the printed photograph; none has been retouched. Where we later add an AI-enhanced version, it will say so, and its enlarged view will offer “Compare with the original”; the original remains the record.
More of Lowell: Lowell in stone, Belvidere, year by year, Belvidere Hill: the neighbors and the Research Library. If you have an old photograph of Lowell or Belvidere, we would love to hear from you.
Catalog records for all 59 pictures
| No. | Title | Date | Source and rights |
|---|---|---|---|
| L0253 | Fairmont Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0282 | The Oaklands, from Fairmont Street, Belvidere | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0265 | Nesmith Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0238 | Belmont Avenue: J. A. Faulkner, A. G. Cumnock, Fred’k Faulkner | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0274 | Residence of Wm. H. Anderson, Andover Street, Belvidere | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0273 | Residence of General Benjamin F. Butler, Belvidere | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0422 | Bridal party at General Butler’s, Lowell, Mass., July 31, 1870 | July 31, 1870 (as titled) | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0279 | Tennis Court on the Grounds of General Benjamin F. Butler | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0362 | Two views of B. F. Butler’s library | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0260 | Merrimack River, from Andover Street, Belvidere | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0248 | Concord River from Fort Hill | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0275 | Rogers Fort Hill Park | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0356 | Fort Hill Park | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0340 | Rogers Hall School, facing Fort Hill Park | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0252 | Entrance to the Lowell Cemetery, Lawrence Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0276 | Scene in Lowell Cemetery | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0364 | Gateway, Lowell Cemetery; Lion on lot of Frederic Ayer, Lowell Cemetery | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0443 | Merrimac Canal and mills | about 1865–1885 | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0444 | Merrimac River from Central Bridge | about 1865–1885 | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0256 | Lowell Mills from Pawtucketville Bridge: Boott, Merrimack, Lawrence | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0241 | Canal Walk | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0242 | Canal Walk from School Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0269 | Pawtucket Falls | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public domain in the US (published 1892); UMass Lowell scan on Internet Archive states no license. |
| L0331 | Lawrence, Boott and Merrimack Mills | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0332 | Central Bridge and Massachusetts Mills | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0330 | Stirling and Bay State Woolen Mills, Concord River | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0359 | Canal Walk and Rapids, Merrimack River | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0360 | Winter on the Merrimack; Pawtucket Falls, Merrimack River | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0555 | Lowell, Mass. – strikers before Merrimack Mill | 1910 | Bain News Service. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division (LCCN 2014690339); no known restrictions; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0426 | Central Street (winter) | about 1865–1885 | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0465 | Central St. | about 1874–1876 | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0456 | Statue of Victory, Monument Square, Lowell | about 1865–1885 | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0264 | Monument Square and Statue of Victory, Merrimack Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0237 | Appleton Bank and Y.M.C.A. Building, Hurd Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0261 | Merrimack Street, Looking West | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0244 | Central Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0249 | Court House, Labor Day, 1892 | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0318 | City Hall; Post Office | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0327 | Hildreth Building, Merrimack Street at head of Central Street | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0334 | Casto Theatre; A glimpse of Merrimack Street | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0470 | Merrimac Street, Lowell, Mass. | after 1898 | Detroit Publishing Co. The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0442 | May training on South Common, jail in distance, 7 companies of the 6th Regiment Volunteers | about 1865–1885 | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0254 | First Baptist Church, Church Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0278 | St. Anne’s Episcopal Church and Rectory, Merrimack Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0236 | Altar and Chancel, Church of the Immaculate Conception, Belvidere | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0344 | Church of the Immaculate Conception, East Merrimack Street | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0343 | St. Jean Baptiste Church, French, Merrimack Street | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0315 | New Court House | 1904 | Views of Lowell and Vicinity (1904). Library of Congress copy, via Internet Archive; public domain. Public domain in the US (published 1904); scan by the Library of Congress via Internet Archive, marked NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. |
| L0243 | Central Fire Station, Palmer Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0257 | M.V.M. Armory, Westford Street, Highlands | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0447 | Merrimac St. Depot, Lowell, Mass. | about 1865–1885 | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0425 | Central Bridge, Lowell, Mass. | about 1865–1885 | Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views, The New York Public Library; public domain; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0239 | Boston and Maine Rail Road Station, Central Street | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0235 | Aiken Street Bridge, between “Little Canada” and Centralville | 1892 | Lowell on the Merrimack: an Art Souvenir (Edwin S. Bigelow, 1892). UMass Lowell Libraries, Center for Lowell History, via Internet Archive; Public Domain Mark. Public Domain Mark 1.0 (as marked by UMass Lowell Libraries on Internet Archive). |
| L0549 | Boston and Maine R.R. Railroad station, Lowell, Mass. | about 1908 | Detroit Publishing Co. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division; no known restrictions; via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0543 | Lowell Depot and Richardson Hotel | about 1907–1915 | Postcard, publisher not recorded. Public domain; scan via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0559 | Merrimac Square, Lowell | 1912 | Postcard, publisher not recorded. Public domain; scan via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
| L0228 | Automobile races, Lowell | September 6, 1909 | Forrest C. Hinckley, photographer. Lawrence Public Library, Forrest C. Hinckley Photograph Collection, via Digital Commonwealth; no known copyright restrictions. No known copyright restrictions. |
| L0565 | Railroad Station, Lowell, Mass. | about 1920 | Postcard, publisher not recorded. Public domain; scan via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (Wikimedia Commons file page) |
Numbers are the catalog numbers of the Chateau Fairmount archive’s Lowell Historic Collection. The files came from the Internet Archive, Wikimedia Commons and Digital Commonwealth, which carry scans from the Library of Congress, the New York Public Library, UMass Lowell Libraries and the Lawrence Public Library.